SPF : SPF record (RFC 4408)
Specified as part of the SPF protocol, as an alternative to storing SPF data in TXT records. Uses the same format as the TXT record.

NAPTR : Naming Authority Pointer (RFC 3403)
Allows regular expression based rewriting of domain names which can then be used as URIs, further domain names to lookups, etc.

TA : DNSSEC Trust Authorities (None)
Part of a deployment proposal for DNSSEC without a signed DNS root. See the IANA database and Weiler Spec] for details. Uses the same format as the DS record.

SIG : Signature (RFC 2535)
Signature record used in SIG(0) (RFC 2931). Until RFC 3755 was published, the SIG record was part of DNSSEC; now RRSIG is used for that.

DNSKEY : DNS Key record (RFC 4034)
The key record used in DNSSEC. Uses the same format as the KEY record.

DS : Delegation signer (RFC 4034)
The record used to identify the DNSSEC signing key of a delegated zone

AAAA : IPv6 address record (RFC 3596)
Returns a 128-bit IPv6 address, most commonly used to map hostnames to an IP address of the host.

IPSECKEY : IPSEC Key (RFC 4025)
Key record that can be used with IPSEC

NSEC3PARAM : NSEC3 parameters (RFC 5155)
Parameter record for use with NSEC3

CERT : Certificate record (RFC 4398)
Stores PKIX, SPKI, PGP, etc.

NS : name server record (RFC 1035)
Delegates a DNS zone to use the given authoritative name servers

TKEY : Transaction Key (RFC 2930)
One way of providing a key to be used with TSIG

OPT : Option (RFC 2671)
This is a 'pseudo DNS record type' needed to support EDNS

NSEC3 : NSEC record version 3 (RFC 5155)
An extension to DNSSEC that allows proof of nonexistence for a name without permitting zonewalking

IXFR : Incremental Zone Transfer (RFC 1995)
Requests a zone transfer of the given zone but only differences from a previous serial number. This request may be ignored and a full (AXFR) sent in response if the authoritative server is unable to fulfill the request due to configuration or lack of required deltas.

DHCID : DHCP identifier (RFC 4701)
Used in conjunction with the FQDN option to DHCP

TXT : Text record (RFC 1035)
Originally for arbitrary human-readable text in a DNS record. Since the early 1990s, however, this record more often carries machine-readable data, such as specified by RFC 1464, opportunistic encryption, Sender Policy Framework, DomainKeys, DNS-SD, etc.

SOA : start of authority record (RFC 1035)
Specifies authoritative information about a DNS zone, including the primary name server, the email of the domain administrator, the domain serial number, and several timers relating to refreshing the zone.